Patna, the vibrant capital of Bihar, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Located on the southern banks of the sacred River Ganga, the city has witnessed the rise and fall of some of the greatest empires in Indian history, including the Maurya, Gupta, and Magadha dynasties.
Known in ancient times as Pataliputra, Pattna has been a hub of learning, politics, spirituality, and culture for over 2,500 years. Today, it is a fascinating blend of historic monuments, holy temples, Buddhist pilgrimage centers, colonial architecture, and a lively urban lifestyle.
This travel blog will guide you through the best attractions, history, culture, and travel tips to make the most of your trip to Patna.
Historical and Cultural Significance of Patna
Pattna is steeped in history. As the capital of the Magadh Empire, it was once the political and cultural heart of ancient India. During the reign of Chandragupta Maurya and Ashoka the Great, Pataliputra became a global center for governance, trade, and learning.
The city also has deep connections with Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Lord Buddha and Lord Mahavira visited this region, and later, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Sikh Guru, was born here in 1666. This rich diversity makes Pattna an essential destination for pilgrims and history lovers.
Top Tourist Attractions in Patna
1. Golghar
A unique granary built in 1786 by the British, Golghar is one of the most iconic structures in Pattna. Its beehive-shaped architecture and spiral staircase leading to the top provide panoramic views of the city and the River Ganga.
2. Takht Sri Patna Sahib (Harmandir Sahib)
This is one of the five Takhts (seats of authority) of Sikhism and holds immense religious importance as the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. The white marble gurudwara with golden domes attracts thousands of devotees from across the world.
3. Patna Museum
Known as the Jadu Ghar, this museum houses ancient artifacts, Mauryan and Gupta sculptures, coins, paintings, and even a fossilized tree over 200 million years old. It’s a treasure trove for history enthusiasts.
4. Kumhrar Park
This archaeological site reveals the remains of the ancient Mauryan halls and pillars from the time of Emperor Ashoka. It gives a glimpse into the grandeur of Pataliputra, the seat of one of the world’s greatest empires.
Spread across 150 hectares, the Pattna Zoo is home to tigers, lions, elephants, rhinos, and a wide variety of birds. It’s a family-friendly attraction, perfect for nature and wildlife lovers.
A modern museum that opened in 2015, it showcases Bihar’s cultural evolution, tribal history, Buddhist relics, and art collections with world-class exhibits and technology.
7. Agam Kuan (Unfathomable Well)
This ancient well is associated with Emperor Ashoka. Legends say it was once used as a place of execution, but today it stands as a mysterious yet important historical site.
8. Gandhi Maidan
A historic ground in the heart of Patna, Gandhi Maidan has been a witness to India’s freedom movement. It continues to host fairs, rallies, and festivals.
9. Mahavir Mandir
Dedicated to Lord Hanuman, Mahavir Mandir is one of the most visited temples in North India. Pilgrims from across the country throng here, especially during festivals.
10. Padri Ki Haveli
Built in 1713, this is one of the oldest churches in Bihar. Its colonial architecture and peaceful ambiance make it a must-visit for those interested in Patna’s diverse culture.
Nearby Excursions from Patna
1. Nalanda University (90 km) – An ancient center of learning and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2. Rajgir (100 km) – A sacred city for Buddhists and Jains with hot springs and scenic hills.
3. Vaishali (55 km) – Birthplace of Lord Mahavira and an important Buddhist site.
4. Bodh Gaya (110 km) – Where Lord Buddha attained enlightenment.
These destinations make Patna a perfect base for exploring Bihar’s spiritual and historic circuit.
Culture and Festivals in Patna
- Pattna celebrates festivals with enthusiasm, reflecting Bihar’s cultural richness.
- Chhath Puja: The most significant festival of Bihar, dedicated to the Sun God, celebrated on the ghats of the Ganga.
- Makar Sankranti: Known for kite flying in Patna’s skies.
- Durga Puja & Diwali: The city glows with lights and festive spirit.
- Sikh Festivals: Baisakhi and Guru Gobind Singh Jayanti are grandly celebrated at Takht Sri Patna Sahib.
- The city also hosts trade fairs, book fairs, and cultural events at Gandhi Maidan and other venues.
Food of Patna – A Culinary Delight
- Bihari cuisine is simple yet flavorful. Some must-try dishes in Pattna are:
- Litti Chokha – The most famous dish of Bihar.
- Sattu Paratha – A nutritious flatbread filled with roasted gram flour.
- Khaja and Tilkut – Traditional sweets.
- Malpua and Thekua – Special treats during festivals.
- Fish curry and mutton curry – Local favorites for non-vegetarians.
- Street food lovers should not miss Pattna’s chaat, samosa, and litti stalls.
Best Time to Visit Patna
- Winter (October to March): Best season to visit, with cool and pleasant weather for sightseeing.
- Summer (April to June): Hot and dry; best avoided for long outdoor trips.
- Monsoon (July to September): City turns green and scenic, but heavy rains may cause travel disruptions.
How to Reach Patna
- By Air: Pattna Airport (Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport) connects the city with Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore, and other major cities.
- By Rail: Pattna Junction is one of India’s busiest railway stations, with trains to almost all corners of the country.
- By Road: National Highways connect Pattna with nearby states. State-run and private buses, as well as taxis, are available.
Travel Tips for Patna
1. Respect local traditions and dress modestly when visiting temples or gurudwaras.
2. Visit Ganga Ghats during sunrise or sunset for a soulful experience.
3. Keep cash handy for small vendors and local transport.
4. Explore local markets like Hathwa Market for shopping, especially handicrafts and silk.
5. Plan excursions to Nalanda, Rajgir, and Bodh Gaya to complete your Bihar journey.
Conclusion
Pattna is not just a capital city but a living museum of Indian civilization. From the ancient grandeur of Pataliputra to the spirituality of Takht Sri Pattna Sahib, from the archaeological treasures of Kumhrar and Agam Kuan to the modern brilliance of the Bihar Museum, Pattna brings together history, culture, and faith like no other city.
Whether you are a history lover, spiritual seeker, or cultural explorer, Pattna offers a unique experience that connects you to India’s glorious past and dynamic present.
So, on your next trip to Bihar, don’t miss exploring Pattna – the timeless city on the banks of the Ganga.
